Abstract
Various types of raw materials, including plant precursors, coal raw materials, solid fuel combustion residues, coal mining waste, coke fines, and others, are used for the production of porous carbon materials. One important type of porous carbon materials is microporous sorbents, which have a high volume of micropores. These pores provide carbon materials with the ability to effectively adsorb low-molecular-weight gases and possess molecular sieving properties, allowing their use in gas separation processes. The main method of increasing the porosity of sorbents and reducing pore sizes is the activation of sorbents at high temperatures using inert gases. This process increases the activity, capacity, and specific surface area of sorbents. The specific surface area of solid bodies plays a key role in their sorption properties at low and medium pressures. The use of activating agents, such as water vapor, in the thermal treatment processes of carbonaceous materials is a promising method for obtaining porous carbon materials.