Abstract
Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi – an outstanding linguist of the 14th century, who made a significant contribution to the study and comparison of the grammars of Arabic, Turkic (Mamluk-Kipchak) and Habashi (Ethiopic) languages, and left a number of works on the comparative study of languages. This article analyzes wazns of isms (noun models) as an object of comparative linguistics and morphology using the example of the work "Kitab al-Idrak lilisan al-atrak", compiled by Abu Hayyan with the aim of teaching the local – Arab population the Turkic (Mamluk-Kipchak) language. Also considered are the methods used by Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi to explain words from Turkic as an agglutinative language and words from Arabic as an inflectional language. Abu Hayyan comprehensively considered the wazns (models) in the Turkic language by the number of consonants in a given word. As the medieval grammarian notes, the Turkic language has words with one to six consonants, which can be grouped into 99 wazns. In this article, all of these 99 wazns are displayed in tables by the number of consonants, where each wazn is given with its pronunciation in the Kazakh language and an example in Turkic. After each table, so that the reader can understand, an example is given of how to collect modern Kazakh words (ism) within the framework of one wazn or morphological model. In our opinion, this study can lead to new approaches to the historical grammar of the Turkic languages and comparative linguistics. The article proposes the idea of using and experimenting with this method in teaching the Kazakh language to Arabs. The results of Abu Hayyan on the vowels “i” and “u” in the Turkic language are analyzed, and it is also noted that they are a source worthy of attention when studying this problem in the modern Kazakh language.