Abstract
Abstract The relevance of this study stems from the growing urgency of environmental issues, which are central to sustainable development and human survival. In this context, China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative has incorporated a commitment to environmental sustainability, aiming to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through greening its industrial and investment projects. The purpose of the study is to analyze joint China-Kazakhstan projects in the environmental field under the OBOR initiative, specifically assessing the environmental impact of these projects. The research uses comparative, institutional, structural, functional, and statistical methods to examine the actual environmental outcomes of major infrastructure projects in Kazakhstan. The findings aim to provide a clearer picture of the progress and limitations of China’s environmental commitments within OBOR and offer insights into the future development of China-Kazakhstan relations in the context of environmental cooperation. This study is valuable for researchers and policymakers concerned with China-Kazakhstan relations and environmental issues in Central Asia.