Abstract
The article presents the results of studying the process of increasing the degree of graphitization and the yield of graphene-like structures (GLS) from pre-carbonized and activated biomass (wheat and barley straw, rice husk) by heating in a microwave oven. Microwave heating has significant advantages over conventional electric heating, which is more energy-intensive and often ineffective. Microwave heating is a convenient, economical and environmentally friendly way to obtain graphene, unlike complex multi-stage processes associated with the use of various chemical reagents. Using microwave heating, it is also possible to simplify the stage of graphene oxide reduction, since, due to the properties of graphene oxide to absorb microwaves, microwave irradiation can reduce it directly into graphene without any reducing agent or atmosphere. It is shown that the method of microwave temperature action on the HPS obtained from biomass leads to the removal of oxygen from 9-14% (in the original samples) to 0-4% when processed in a microwave oven at different temperatures, which significantly increases the degree of graphitization and the percentage of GLS yield and can be used to obtain a volumetric yield of the product for commercial purposes.