Abstract
The article explores the prospects of implementing high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technologies into Kazakhstan’s power system, drawing on international experience and modern technological solutions. The principles of HVDC systems operation are examined, including the conversion of alternating current to direct current using thyristor-based (LCC) and IGBT-based (VSC) converters, along with their comparative characteristics: efficiency, reactive power control, harmonic distortion levels, and applicability under various operating conditions. An analysis of global HVDC line development is presented, particularly in China and India, considering voltage levels up to ±1100 kV and power transmission capacities exceeding 12 GW. The necessity of adopting HVDC in Kazakhstan is justified to enhance system reliability, reduce losses over transmission lines up to 1000 km long, and integrate renewable energy sources with an installed capacity of more than 7 GW. Strategic HVDC line routes are proposed, including the Ekibastuz–Almaty and Aktobe–Atyrau corridors, alongside measures for techno-economic feasibility studies and international cooperation.