Abstract
The article examines the physicomechanical properties of rubber designed for hydraulic seals, considering the influence of additives such as the organic part of oil sludge and zeolite. The conducted research showed that these characteristics align with the parameters defining the spatial structure of the studied vulcanizates. It was established that increasing the content of the organic part of oil sludge (3-6 parts by weight) and zeolite (10-20 parts by weight) positively impacts the elongation at break, which is attributed to the modification of the rubber's structure. The most optimal physicomechanical properties of rubber were obtained when introducing 6.0 parts by weight of the organic part of oil sludge and 20.0 parts by weight of zeolite per 100 parts by weight of rubber. Additionally, the influence of temperature-time vulcanization parameters on the structure of vulcanizateswas studied. It was found that changing these parameters allows for controlling the primary elasticstrength properties of rubber. The slight decrease in strength characteristics with an increase in the organic part of oil sludge is explained by the plasticizing effect of low-molecular compounds, which penetrate between the macromolecules of rubber, weakening intermolecular bonds, as well as active interaction between the elastomer and zeolites. The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of partially or fully replacing traditional plasticizers in rubber compounds with the organic part of oil sludge. Using zeolite as a filler not only improves rubber properties but also contributes to a more effective solution to ecological problems associated with the disposal of oil production and refining waste. Thus, the proposed approaches create a basis for environmentally safe and economically efficient waste utilization, relevant to enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan.