Abstract
This study analyzes the transition of the E-90-3.9/440 steam boiler at CHP-1 in Semey city to natural gas combustion in order to improve energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact. A review of global and national energy trends confirms the importance of moving away from traditional coal in favor of cleaner alternatives. It has been proven that the use of natural gas as a primary energy source significantly reduces harmful emissions into the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur compounds, while also increasing the boiler equipment's thermal efficiency. The study presents calculation data obtained using the reverse heat balance method, which allowed for determining heat losses, thermal output, and the boiler's efficiency under various fuel consumption conditions. Based on the mathematical analysis of experimental data, linear relationships were identified between natural gas consumption, heat output, and boiler efficiency. It was found that with an increase in gas flow, there is a steady rise in thermal power and efficiency, indicating high performance and reliability of the boiler when operating on gaseous fuel. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of switching boiler equipment to natural gas in terms of both energy efficiency and environmental safety.