Abstract
Understanding the granulometric composition of urban soil is essential for assessing pollution levels and managing soil resources effectively. The particle-size distribution of soil significantly affects the movement and accumulation of pollutants, water infiltration, chemical interactions, and biological processes, including microbial activity and nutrient cycling. This study investigated the mechanical composition of soils in Astana by collecting samples from 60 sites across various administrative districts, including Esil, Baikonur, Almaty, Saryarka, and Nura. The analysis showed that heavy loamy soils dominate throughout the city. The average clay content in the soil samples was 44.9% in Esil, 45.7% in Baikonur, 45.0% in Almaty, 42.6% in Saryarka, and 45.4% in Nura. These types of soils are beneficial for agricultural and landscaping purposes because they retain moisture and nutrients well. However, they also have limitations, such as a higher susceptibility to erosion, anthropogenic contamination, and reduced permeability under dry conditions, which may affect vegetation growth. Given these challenges, proper management strategies are needed to protect urban soils from degradation and ensure long-term functionality. The results of this research provide valuable data for environmental zoning and decision-making. They can support sustainable land use planning, pollution prevention, and long-term soil quality monitoring in Astana, contributing to the city’s ecological safety, resilience, and green infrastructure development.