Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature and air pollutant concentration in the urban atmosphere of Almaty using numerical modeling techniques. A two-dimensional advection-diffusion model was developed to simulate the diurnal dynamics across a territory of approximately 80 square kilometers. The model incorporates key physical processes such as wind-driven transport, turbulent diffusion, and localized emission sources that are typical of dense urban environments. Simulation results demonstrate a smoother spatial distribution of temperature, largely driven by solar radiation cycles, in contrast to highly localized peaks in pollutant concentrations associated with anthropogenic activities such as transportation and industry. These contrasting behaviors highlight the need for differentiated mitigation strategies. The findings of the study offer important insights for urban planning and the development of effective air quality management policies. The proposed model provides a practical tool for understanding environmental dynamics and evaluating the potential impact of pollution control measures in complex urban terrains.