Abstract
BACKGROUND: (C. rotundus) leaf using human gynecological cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ), was employed to evaluate each extract's ability to inhibit cell proliferation. Subsequently, apoptosis-related gene and protein regulation were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the methanolic extract contained hexadecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid. The ethanolic extract was found to have norspermidine and desulphosinigrin. Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract included vitamin E, 1-heptatriacotanol, lupeol, betulin, stigmasterol, and stearic acid. The HeLa treatment group with 6.25 μg/ml of ethyl acetate extract, MCF-7, and OVCAR-3 cells with 3.125 μg/ ml of methanol extract treatment group exhibited the most significant growth inhibition in the MTT assay. Further analysis of these treatment groups revealed that the transcription and translation of BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 increased overall, whereas Bcl-2 decreased in all cell lines. CONCLUSION: leaf may enhance the apoptosis of cancer cells by modulating the transcription, translation, and post-translation of proteins, with minimal impact on the growth and survival of non-cancerous cells.