Abstract
This work describes, systematizes and summarizes the problems of quality assurance, efficiency and effectiveness, in the context of the global competitiveness of the higher education system, which has been and remains one of the most acute problems of the development of modern society in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The persistence of challenges and gaps, despite the measures taken, is associated with the demographic growth of young people and the aging of teachers. Ensuring access to education, its quality,and the transformation of higher education to meet the needs of the labor market are becoming the primary goal for ensuring economic growth. The authors have identified the relationship and mutual influence of higher education trends with economic development trends, and provided recommendations for the development of the higher education ecosystem.