Abstract
The article examines the history of the formation and development of library services in the Aktobe region between 1880 and 1980. The study is based on archival documents, scholarly works, and local historical sources, which allow for a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the regional library network. It traces the development from the first school, parish, and public libraries in the pre-revolutionary period to the creation of a centralized system during the Soviet era. Special attention is paid to the role of educators, particularly Ibray Altynsarin, in establishing libraries and promoting literacy. The article highlights key issues such as the expansion of book collections, material and technical support, librarian training, the introduction of mobile libraries, and the early stages of automation. It emphasizes the social role of libraries in eliminating illiteracy, raising educational and cultural standards—especially in rural areas—and fostering civic awareness. The study concludes with a call for further regional research on libraries as important socio-cultural institutions.