Abstract
The results of studies conducted at the Institute of Combustion Problems (Almaty, Kazakhstan) on the synthesis of nanocarbon materials and their application for environmental purposes are presented. The procedures have been developed for obtaining nanocarbon materials from rice husk and walnut shells (graphenes and activated carbon, respectively), the physicochemical properties of the synthesised materials and the possibility of their practical use are studied. Graphene investigation by infrared and Raman spectroscopy allowed us to analyse the surface functional groups and the structural features of the material composed of a mixture of amorphous carbon and graphene, the ratio between these components depending on synthesis method. With an increase in the amount of the alkaline agent, the content of graphene component in the structure of carbon material increases. The porous structure and morphology of carbonised materials from rice husk and walnut shells were characterised according to the data of scanning electron microscopy. Nanocarbon graphene structures and activated carbon synthesised from the waste plant materials have demonstrated good adsorption properties for sea water desalination and sorption of toxic gases.