Abstract
Background: Cancer is a major public health challenge in Kazakhstan, with significant regional disparities in incidence and access to care. The Akmola Region faces socioeconomic and healthcare barriers affecting oncology outcomes. We examined the role of state policy in addressing cancer trends and proposed evidence-based interventions. Methods: A retrospective descriptive and analytical study was conducted using cancer incidence data from 2009 to 2023, obtained from the Ministry of Health of Kazakhstan. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated using the WHO guidelines. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to assess trends. Social factors, including income and access to care, influenced cancer rates. Rural areas faced notable disparities in oncology services. Results: Over 15 years, 26,625 new cancer cases were recorded, with 48.9% in men and 51.1% in women. The most prevalent cancers were breast (11.8%), colorectal (9.5%), and gastric (8.8%). A decline in cancer incidence occurred in 2020, likely due to healthcare service disruptions during COVID-19. Social factors like income and care access shaped cancer rates. Rural areas faced notable disparities. Conclusion: Strengthening state policies is crucial for reducing the cancer burden. Recommendations include expanding screening programs, improving healthcare infrastructure, and addressing regional inequalities through intersectoral collaboration. Implementing evidence-based strategies and integrating global best practices can enhance oncology care and reduce disparities.