Clinical-epidemiological features of myocardial infarction in young people

L Zhussupbekova, Dinara Nurkina, S Baidurin, K Zholamanov

2025

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DOI 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf236.083
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Abstract Introduction Nowadays cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of overall mortality worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most dangerous forms of coronary artery disease (CAD) and manifests at the onset of the disease in most young people, which is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in this group of patients. One of the predisposing factors for the premature occurrence of CAD is the high prevalence of risk factors in the young population. The purpose of the study was to determine the analysis of the incidence and clinical features of MI in young people. Design and method This study was based on retrospective analysis of the medical documents of 1835 patients, aged 18-44 who were hospitalized from 2018 to 2022. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using the Isoftware package. Results During the analyzed period, 1835 young patients with cardiovascular pathology (coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension (AH), cardiomyopathies, etc.) were hospitalized. Of the total, 222 (12.1%) were patients with MI (Table 1). Among patients with MI, in turn, 16% had a recurrent vascular event. Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors found that obesity was most common in this population - in 67.6% of cases. The second most common risk factor was hypertension - in 51.4% of cases, to a greater extent among women - in 63.6% of cases than in men - in 50% (p>0.05). Smoking occurred in 50.4% of cases, while statistically significant differences were also found in groups by gender - in 54.2% for men and 45.4% for women (p<0.05). The odds of myocardial infarction were 4.8 times higher in male smokers than in female smokers (95% CI: 1.08–21.01). According to the results of our studies, diabetes mellitus was registered in 9.5% of patients and was more common in women (27.2%) compared to men (7.4%). An indication of a family history was noted in 20.9% of patients (Figure 1). In the structure of comorbidity of patients with MI, the following most common nosology were noted: chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 11.4% of cases, anemia in 6.6%, primary hypothyroidism in 2.6% of cases. Anemia is statistically significantly more common in women - 36.3%, compared to men -3.1% (p <0.05). Conclusion Thus, during the analysis of the clinical and epidemiological features of myocardial infarction in young people, the incidence of myocardial infarction was 12% among all hospitalized cardiac patients. Of this number, in 16% of cases, hospitalization was associated with recurrent MI. Among the risk factors in the population, the prevalence of traditional risk factors was established, such as obesity, hypertension, smoking, family history and diabetes mellitus (67.6%, 51.4%, 50.4%, 20.9%, 9.5 %) respectively. Additional risk factors included comorbid conditions, the structure of which was dominated by such nosology as CKD, anemia and hypothyroidism (11.4%, 6.6%, 2.6%).Frequency of hospitalizationCardiovascular risk factors