Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been recognized for its mild therapeutic effects, significant efficacy and minimal adverse reactions. However, challenges such as reliance on human expertise in TCM production and quality control, unclear compositions and usage of TCM and ambiguous targets hinder its sustainable development. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) provides transformative potential for addressing these limitations. Recent studies have demonstrated that AI promotes the intelligent industrialization of TCM, ensures effective TCM quality, assists in the discovery of TCM targets and recommends scientifically formulated TCM prescriptions. This review consolidates and evaluates recent progress in applying AI to TCM, with a focus on pharmaceutical development, quality control and research innovation. By providing a detailed and systematic overview, this review aims to highlight the role of AI in advancing the scientific and sustainable evolution of TCM.