Abstract
The promise of renewable energy sources to address issues with environmental sustainability and energy security has sparked enthusiasm worldwide. This article's goal is to investigate Afghanistan's wind, solar, and hydropower resources. Afghanistan is a country in central Asia with a lot of potential for renewable energy but faces many challenges in putting it to good use. Since 1893, Afghanistan has been seeking the use of secondary (modern) energy sources. By 2032, the nation hopes to use renewable energy sources to meet 10% of its expected electricity consumption (350–500 MW). Following the cessation of hostilities in Afghanistan, the development of sustainable energy supply gained momentum. Through surveys conducted in various sites, as well as through contacts, corporations, and data acquisition from national and international organizations, this article offers a comprehensive assessment of Afghanistan's existing activities and potential for solar, wind, and hydro energy. The potential of Afghanistan for the aforementioned renewable energies can be carefully investigated to identify obstacles and challenges pertaining to technology and the financial system. The research employed an interdisciplinary approach that takes into account social, environmental, and economic factors to evaluate the infrastructure for renewable energy now in place and pinpoint barriers to its growth. The study also highlights innovative approaches and fruitful initiatives that have been demonstrated to be beneficial in promoting the usage of renewable energy. The results highlight the necessity of investment frameworks, international cooperation, and strategic strategies in order to fully realize Afghanistan's potential for renewable energy. This paper provides important insights for policymakers, academics, students, and practitioners working towards a more energy-efficient future in the heart of Asia by illuminating sustainable energy alternatives.