Abstract
This study explores the physicochemical properties, synthesis, and applications of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a polar aprotic solvent with significant commercial and scientific relevance. The paper details its molecular structure, production methods – primarily the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide and diverse uses, including its role as a solvent, cryoprotectant, PCR inhibitor, and therapeutic agent. Experimental work focuses on thermochemical analysis using an IKA C 6000 calorimeter to determine the combustion enthalpy of substances. The calorimetric setup, calibration with benzoic acid, and measurement protocols are described, emphasizing the precision and automation of modern calorimetry. The study underscores DMSO’s versatility in industrial, medical, and laboratory contexts, supported by its unique properties such as high boiling point, dipole moment, and ability to penetrate biological membranes.