Abstract
Conserving the genetic diversity of forage legumes is crucial for ensuring agricultural resilience, particularly in regions with varied climatic conditions like Kazakhstan.The paper discusses the results of studies on the collection, evaluation, development, and conservation of forage plant genetic resources.It presents the results of an expedition in Kazakhstan, where variable climatic conditions necessitated a survey to identify valuable populations of forage grasses and collect seeds for studying and reproducing economically valuable plant samples.A total of 177 samples of wild forage legumes were collected, including 144 samples of alfalfa, 24 samples of melilot, and 9 samples of sainfoin.Laboratory analyses and cytological studies showed that the number of chromosomes in the metaphases of mitosis of the collected samples remained genetically stable.Some collected samples were placed in collection nurseries, where their phenological, morphological, and other valuable traits, as well as their reproductive characteristics and disease resistance, were studied.Based on the annual evaluation of collection samples, sources of valuable plant breeding traits were identified, and targeted trait collections were established for use in the breeding process.Thus, 15 samples of alfalfa, 3 samples of melilot, and 1 sample of sainfoin were selected based on a combination of traits.The results of the study demonstrated significant potential for utilizing wild legume species in the development of sustainable agricultural practices, especially in addressing the challenges posed by global warming and drought.Findings on genetic resource collection support the development of breeding programs to enhance agricultural sustainability and food security in the region.