Abstract
The article aims to reveal the significance of the methodological principle "space thinking" in the study of socio-economic and state-political systems of the Eurasian region. It is proposed to consider "space thinking" as a methodological principle, which should be consistent with the study of all aspects of social life, including questions of the typology of cultures and civilizations. It is noted that the opposite of objective scientific knowledge of social phenomena is ideologized thinking, an example of which is the comparison and evaluation of different cultures and civilizations without taking into account the peculiarities of the architectonics of their spatial organization. The essential difference between the two types of states — colonial empires and territorial powers is pointed out. The ideological myth about Russia as a "Prison of Nations" is criticized. Differences in the ideological and ideological foundations of the emergence and existence of colonial empires and territorial powers are substantiated. It is noted that achieving the goal of establishing interstate, interfaith and social peace in the Eurasian region is possible in the form of a dialogue of different cultures and civilizations based on the common goal of preserving traditional values and institutions.