Abstract
Relevance: Malignant skin melanoma is the most dangerous of all malignant skin tumors and ranks ninth in the structure of oncological diseases worldwide. Despite the simplicity of preventive measures and the fact that skin melanoma is a visually accessible cancer, the incidence of malignant skin melanoma is increasing every year worldwide. Therefore, improving methods of early detection and prevention of the disease is an important task in the field of public health today. Among the early detection methods, dermatoscopy remains the “gold standard” and the basis for all modern equipment. In addition, special genetic testing methods are also provided for detecting “ familial melanoma” in regions with a high incidence. The study aimed to describe the capacity of modern methods of early melanoma skin cancer detection. ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 60 Онкология и Радиология Казахстана, №1 (75) 2025 Methods: We used specialized scientific search engines such as Scopus and PubMed to examine current methods for early melanoma skin cancer detection described in publications from 2014 to 2024. Results: Dermatoscopy and confocal microscopy remain the first choices for specialized physicians due to their simplicity and accessibility. Although Nevisense electrical impedance spectroscopy has a high diagnostic value, it is inaccessible to patients and physicians. AI-based mobile dermatoscopic applications are promising because they are accessible to both parties. CDKN2A genetic testing is used in regions with a high population incidence of melanoma to detect familial malignant melanoma syndrome. Conclusion: Further technological progress shall promote modern methods of diagnosing skin melanoma based on efficiency, costeffectiveness, simplicity, and accessibility.