Abstract
This study focuses on analyzing the long-term development of landscapes in the Turkestan region and the impact of climate change on regional landscapes. Through palynological and stratigraphic analyses, the influence of climatic fluctuations on plant communities and landscape structure from the Oligocene to the Holocene was identified. The research revealed that the vegetation cover in the Turkestan region has developed adaptation mechanisms to cope with climatic changes. It was determined that the current landscapes of the Turkestan region were shaped as a result of historical climatic instabilities, forming the foundation for the resilience of the region's vegetation. The findings enhance our understanding of the evolution of regional landscapes and provide insights into developing strategies for sustainable adaptation to climate change. It has been established that the present-day landscapes of the Turkestan region formed as a result of adaptation to historical climatic changes. These findings are essential for devising strategies for preserving regional vegetation cover and ensuring sustainable adaptation to climate change. The results obtained deepen our understanding of the landscape evolution and resilience mechanisms in the Turkestan region, providing a basis for assessing the region’s future ecological stability.