Abstract
The article examines the course of mass migration in the Aktobe region. The directions of migration are identified: within the republic, within the region, and beyond the republic's borders. Materials are presented on the causes and grounds for migration. To achieve the research objectives, the study considers the impact of economic and political campaigns on Kazakh households, the consequences of Soviet policies, and the reasons for the forced migration of Kazakh peasants. Information is provided on the conditions of those who migrated beyond Kazakhstan. The history of mass migration in the Aktobe region and the main trends identified in scientific research are analyzed based on archival materials. Measures taken to return and resettle refugees are described. Archival documents reveal data on the implementation of necessary actions to halt the flow of migrants. The scale of damage inflicted on Kazakhstan during the years of famine, significant changes in the ethnic composition, and the negative impact on the economy were extensive. Migration and population outflow led to a slow and prolonged recovery from the agrarian crisis. The conclusion emphasizes the historical significance of the issue of mass migration in the Aktobe region and assesses the contradictory policies of the party and government, which led to the mass migration or forced flight of Kazakh peasants.