Abstract
) decreased, leading to enhanced interfacial and interparticle diffusion in the graphite staging region. In contrast, in the silicon-dominant region, intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic limitations resulted in higher overpotential at the beginning of charge and the end of discharge. Consequently, the role of silicon is not limited to increasing capacity but serves as a structural design element for achieving fast-charging and high-rate performance. These findings highlight that porosity optimization is a key factor for improving electrode performance.