Abstract
The article examines the features of the distribution of the soil cover of the Atyrau region. The Atyrau region is located in the west of Kazakhstan and its soil cover is formed due to special natural and climatic conditions. The dry continental climate of the region and the proximity of the Caspian Sea affect the uneven distribution of soil types. The study analyzes the types of soils in semi-desert and semi-desert regions, their mineral composition, salinity level and fertility. Natural and anthropogenic factors contributing to the formation of the soil cover are considered. The structure of the soil cover of the Atyrau region, the minerals and organic matter contained in it, as well as their impact on the environment and agriculture are discussed. Based on field studies and laboratory analyzes, the main factors influencing the types of soil in the region, such as climate, topography, water resources and anthropogenic impact, were studied. The results of the study allow us to better understand the mechanisms of soil cover formation and its role in the ecosystems of the region. The results are important for developing strategies for natural resource management and environmental protection in the Atyrau region.