Abstract
In this study, a single-cylinder CRDI engine running on 20MEWCO (20 % Methyl Esters of Waste CookingOil + 80 % diesel) fuel was used to test various pilot injection timing modifications, including 34°, 36°, and 38° bTDC with a dwell period of 15° and 10 % pilot mass at a pressure of 500 bar. The analysis focused on cylinder pressure, heat release rate, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke. As a result of advanced pilot injection timings, at 38° bTDC, the cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and brake thermal efficiency were 63.73 bar, 34.04 J/°CA, and 30.74 %, respectively. Emissions of HC, CO, and smoke increased significantly, while NOx emissions were significantly reduced. Advanced pilot injection timing at maximum load caused a decrease in ignition delay, while shorter combustion duration resulted in more efficient combustion.