Abstract
This study aims to analyse the role and urgency of implementing environmental projects in agglomeration development, with a focus on improving air quality, waste management, rational use of water resources, and reducing the carbon footprint. The study identifies the main challenges and prospects in the implementation of environmental initiatives amid the growth of agglomerations, particularly in Kazakhstan. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as comparative methods, the study reviewed key environmental aspects such as green infrastructure, digitalisation, smart cities, sustainable transport and renewable energy.The results show that the integration of environmental projects and innovative technologies is essential to minimise negative environmental impacts, improve people’s quality of life, and preserve natural resources for future generations. The study highlights global trends and successful practices, including Hammarby Sjöstad in Stockholm, Green Belt in London, and Masdar City in Abu Dhabi. The analysis also shows that although investment in research and development (R&D) in Kazakhstan stagnated at 0.1% during 2018-2023, the application of digital technologies plays a key role in environmental risk mitigation. The study recommends increased allocation of funds for renewable energy projects in scientific funding schemes to support sustainable agglomeration development.