Abstract
This article examines cross-country social inequality and conducts a comparative analysis of income and wealth distribution at the regional level. The study utilizes analytical data from the World Bank to assess income differentiation and wealth disparities among the poorest 50%, middle 40%, and richest 10% of the population. It highlights the significant income gaps between countries and the wealth distribution within them. Additionally, the article explores the situation in Kazakhstan, analyzing both pre- and post-pandemic data to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced income levels and poverty in the country. The findings reveal a growing disparity, with a sharp contrast in the living standards across different socioeconomic groups. The paper identifies a key gap in the existing tax system, specifically the current flat income tax rate, which exacerbates inequality. To address these challenges, the authors recommend implementing a progressive taxation system, which would ensure fairer distribution of resources. This approach would redirect tax revenues to improve the welfare of lower-income populations and enhance their living conditions. The study provides crucial implications for policymakers in Kazakhstan, urging reforms to mitigate poverty and reduce social inequality, contributing to more equitable economic development.