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ES Materials & Manufacturing, 2025
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
Vacuum residue (VR) significantly affected the rheological and chemical-physics properties of 100-130 bitumen before and after aging: reducing carbonyl index (CI) and sulfoxyde index (SI), shifting the transition temperature, destroying the asphaltene network, and reducing the glass transition temperature.