Abstract
In the article, in accordance with the modern point of view, other values of civil society, democratic laws, separation of powers, legal opposition, multi-party system, political and social freedoms of people and their associations, groups, etc. The authors of the article scientifically correctly described the civil society as a legally registered, structurally approved and psychologically supported socio-political activity in inseparable unity with material and ideological pluralism. In the methodological section, the authors described the institutions of civil society based on historical data, starting with the emergence of the concept of civil society among the great thinkers of antiquity and the Middle Ages, from the point of view of modern postmodernity, as a product of bourgeois society and on the basis of data linking them to market relations. The article also studied this concept in the works of European and American sociologists. The article contains various conflicting opinions about the idea of civil society. Especially in the works of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Hegel, Habermas, T. Hobbes, Marx, Gramsci, S. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, T. Payne, I. Bentham, Wilhelm Humboldt, A. Michnik, N. Bobbio, J. Habermas made his own critical political analyzes based on studies that studied the concept of civil society from a new angle. In the article, the authors describe civil society as associations created by the people themselves, as a family, cooperatives, associations, public organizations, professional, creative, sports, ethnic and other associations, industrial and personal life of citizens Also historically scientifically studied the concept of civil society since the XVII-XVIII centuries as self-governing non-governmental organizations. In this article, the authors consider civil society as an association protecting human rights, radiating social harmony, as people's sovereignty, realizing and controlling the interests of citizens.