Abstract
The article examines the features of phonetic, morphological, semantic development and changes of some words found in the Turkic languages. When studying the basic vocabulary of the Turkic languages, various phonetic patterns and phenomena are important. The patterns revealed in science in recent years attest to this. The article focuses on the fact that the study of the phonetic, morphological, semantic sides of the lexeme, considering it in unity when finding the etymology of the word, leads to a great result. Therefore, the analysis taking into account phono-morpho-semantic patterns is a complex work. The article discusses the use of the words root and stem of a plant in modern Turkic languages. Sound and semantic changes in the word are considered. The correspondence of vowel and consonant sounds and phonetic features of each Turkic languages are analyzed. The composition of words is divided into the root and the attachment of affixes. The etymological assumptions of scientists about the origin of these words are analyzed. It also examines which phrases originated in the modern Kazakh language from the words root and stem.