NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: MODERN APPROACHES TO TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Sh.Y. Bazargaliyev, Akzhan M. Madenbayeva, I.K. Kudabayeva, Sagyndyk Rysmaganbetov

2025

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DOI 10.53511/pharmkaz.2025.16.55.008
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are increasingly recognized as major public health concerns due to their high global prevalence and association with severe long-term health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and liver-related complications. This article explores the relationship between NAFLD and MetS, emphasizing their interconnected pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and modern approaches to treatment and prevention. The purpose of the study is to review the latest literature on NAFLD and MetS, focusing on the mechanisms linking these conditions, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategies. Methods. A comprehensive review of relevant literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We focused on publications from the last five years, selecting studies based on their relevance to NAFLD, MetS, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies. A total of 80 articles, including metaanalyses, clinical trials, and systematic reviews, were included in the analysis. Inclusion criteria: evidence-based studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Exclusion criteria: expert opinions, editorial articles, and non-peerreviewed sources. Results. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. MetS is characterized by a cluster of risk factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The two conditions share common risk factors such as insulin resistance, central obesity, and inflammation. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and increased physical activity, remain the cornerstone of treatment. Pharmacological therapies, including pioglitazone, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and emerging drugs targeting fibrosis, offer additional therapeutic options. Bariatric surgery has shown promise in treating advanced stages of both NAFLD and MetS. Conclusion. This review underscores the critical need for early diagnosis, lifestyle interventions, and a multidisciplinary approach to the management of NAFLD and MetS. Further research into the molecular mechanisms and long-term outcomes of treatment options will be crucial in improving patient care and reducing the global burden of these conditions.