Abstract
The article reveals the concept of biological dosimetry as a leading field of research in the modern scientific space of radioecology, its essence and basic laws. Information about the latest biodosimetry studies carried out at the IRSE - testing of the prototype of the “dose-effect” calibration curve, improvement of the basic technique (analysis of chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes), accumulation of statistical data on the background standard frequency of chromosomal aberrations in different regions of Kazakhstan. The relevance and research objectives of this topic are also indicated. A review of the experience of research in the field of biological dosimetry in Kazakhstan is carried out, its significance for the development of the country's science is indicated, and the prospects for development and research in this direction are revealed.