Abstract
This article provides an extensive review of the current advances in the extraction of lithium from spodumene concentrates, a key aspect in the development of this important resource. The article begins with a detailed description of the chemical and physical properties of β-spodumene, particularly emphasizing its importance to the lithium extraction process. The focus is on a variety of methods for processing spodumene, including techniques such as thermal treatment, acid and alkali leaching, as well as more innovative approaches such as solvent utilization and ion exchange. The article highlights not only the technical aspects of each technique, but also their economic and environmental sustainability. Particular attention is paid to the environmental and economic challenges associated with lithium extraction, including the desire to minimize waste and improve overall efficiency. The authors also critically analyze existing limitations such as high costs and process scaling difficulties. An important part of the article is a review and comparison of various research and experimental works in this field, with an emphasis on those that have successfully moved from laboratory studies to realworld applications. The current state of research in lithium extraction is discussed and potential directions for future research are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the need to further develop and integrate these techniques in the context of sustainable development and efficient resource utilization.