An Investigation into Fe3O4 Nanoparticle-Based Composites for Enhanced Electromagnetic Radiation Shielding

Aidos Lesbayev, Doszhan Akalim, Bakhytzhan Kalauov, Darkhan Yerezhep

2025

Full text Open access: Gold Metadata (CSL-JSON)
DOI 10.3390/jcs9050226
Data confidence 70 medium
How this score is calculated

It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.

Abstract

In both fundamental and applied scientific exploration, nanostructured protective materials have garnered substantial interest owing to their multifaceted utilization in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, and electronics, among others. This study investigated the evolution of cutting-edge materials for electromagnetic radiation attenuation, with a specific emphasis on the incorporation of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles, Fe3O4, into composite systems. The nanoparticles were generated through chemical condensation, meticulously adjusting the proportions of iron salts, specifically FeSO4·7H2O and FeCl3·6H2O, in conjunction with a 25% aqueous solution of ammonia, NH4OH·H2O. This study examined the intricate details of the crystalline structure, the precise composition of phases, and the intricate physicochemical attributes of these synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The analysis was conducted employing a suite of advanced techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive analysis (EDAX). The key findings of this research suggest that the magnetic nanoparticles generated through chemical condensation have an average size between 10 and 11 nm. This size was determined using BET surface area measurements, which were precise to within 0.1 nm. Moreover, this study demonstrated that incorporating superparamagnetic nanoparticles into composite materials significantly reduces microwave radiation. In particular, an optimal concentration of 0.25% by weight leads to a maximum decrease of 21.7 dB in cement specimens measuring 10 mm in thickness. Moreover, a critical threshold concentration of 0.5 weight percent is established, beyond which the interactions of nanoparticles inhibit the process of remagnetization. These investigations demonstrate that it is feasible to pursue a route towards the development of highly effective electromagnetic shielding materials tailored to specific requirements for diverse applications.