Аннотация
In today's digital age, where cyber threats are escalating and data security is paramount, traditional cryptographic methods face significant challenges. Classic security systems, such as Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and SSL/TLS protocols, rely heavily on asymmetric cryptography to protect sensitive information. However, with the exponential growth of data and advancements in quantum computing, there is an increasing need for more robust encryption methods. This paper introduces a new decentralized multi-user quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on quantum superposition, which aims to address the limitations of current cryptographic systems. The protocol leverages quantum principles to enhance the security and efficiency of data transmission, overcoming the vulnerabilities exposed by potential quantum computing threats. The methodology of implementing this protocol, including the setup of quantum sources, detectors, and optical components, as well as the integration with classical communication channels are presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed QKD protocol not only achieves high accuracy and reliability but also scales effectively in network environments.