Аннотация
One of the indicators of disorders of local and general homeostasis is the state of buccal epithelium. The buccal epithelium occupies a coordinating position in the reactions connecting the mechanisms of immunity, initiation and stabilization of inflammatory processes. Cytologic examination of the buccal epithelium was performed in 107 adolescents aged 12-16 years with dentoalveolar anomalies. Smears from the mucosa of the maxillary area of the cheek, above the teeth interlocking line, stained by Pappenheim staining were examined. Epithelial cells of different stages of differentiation were counted in the smears. Statistical analysis was performed by methods of variation statistics using Student's t-criterion. Comparative analysis of cytograms showed that patients under orthodontic treatment had increased content of parabasal cells (0, 4+0.14%, 1.4+0.29%, p˂0.01) and stage III cells of differentiation (3.9+0.61%, 6.7+0.63%, p˂0.01), there was a decrease in the content of stage V epitheliocytes (64.0+1.39%, 56.9+1.41%, p˂0.01). The number of nuclear-free cells was minimal (5.4+0.49%, 4.1+0.42%). The differentiation index was decreased (447.8+5.70, 418.1+5.85, p˂0.01). The indices of left shift (from 0.35+0.03 to 1.5+0.09, p˂0.01), destruction (from 3.0+0.14 to 5.5+0.16, p˂0.01) increased, inflammatory-destructive (from 4.5+0.14 to 9.4+0.23, p˂0.01) and multicellular epithelial complexes (from 1.3+0.08 to 3.3+0.11, p˂0.01). The character of cytograms was characterized by a decrease in the epitheliocyte differentiation index, an increase in the indices of left shift and multicellular epithelial complexes, destruction index and inflammatory-destructive index, which depended on the presence of inflammatory process in the gingiva, which was verified in 75% of patients.