Аннотация
The article notes that the improvement of operating tools of sowing machines is a solution to one of the many tasks of increasing crop yields. It is also noted that a two-disc coulter and its inherent advantages and disadvantages have been widely used on sowing machines, and the final sowing operation is considered the most important for seeds, since it creates conditions for their germination and further development. Significant factors affecting the germination and development of plants after sowing with seeders equipped with disc coulters are given, one of which is the tight contact of seeds with the bottom groove with a loose surface layer. The scheme for improving a two-disc coulter with pressure plate installed in the inter-disc space is proposed, and the details of the coulters are maximally unified with the coulters of grain seeders of the type SZ-3.6, mass-produced by domestic manufacturers. The pressure plate, moving together with the coulter, crushes small soil lumps with the inclined part and pushes the seeds into the bottom groove with a horizontal shank, ensuring their tight contact with the soil. A method for determining the main geometric parameters of the pressure plate depending on external forces acting from the soil is proposed, the dependence of the characteristics of the cross-section of the plate on the geometric dimension is given