Аннотация
The review article is an excursus into the world publications describing the properties of graphene, methods of synthesis of it and variety of its application fields. The paper describes in detail the structure of graphene as well as the methods for its fabrication: micromechanical cleavage, chemical stratification, epitaxial growth, and chemical gas-phase deposition, including their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the review contains information on the electronic, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties of graphene, which lend its uniqueness. Due to its unique properties, graphene and its modified quasi-two-dimensional structures are the objects of increased scientific interest in various fields of science, such as energy, electronics, optoelectronics, medicine, bioengineering, aerospace, aviation, ecology, materials engineering, etc. In order to expand the journal readership among the physicists, chemists, and materials scientists, who are not deep specialists in graphene science, the style of the present review is somewhere close to popular science one.