Аннотация
The article highlights the important role of the national economy in the issue of the nation, state and independence. The importance of human capital is shown among the three most important factors (land and resources, technical and production potential and human capital) that contribute to the development of the national economy. He explains the countries with the most abundant national wealth and high competitiveness as an example. The article analyses the Republic of Kazakhstan and the people's Republic of China in economic and geographical terms. Comprehensive studies will be conducted in the context of the geographical location, natural resource potential and features of the transition to the market of the two countries. The reasons for the remoteness of the two states' economic development levels will be sought. The main reason for the unequal development between Kazakhstan and China is apparent and demonstrated by human capital or competitiveness factors. The article also notes that China has long lagged behind the world's countries in economic, social and political terms due to the lack of attention to education and science. Still, after switching to a market economy, it paid maximum attention to science and education and achieved results. The financial potential of Kazakhstan in education and science will be compared with China. It is concluded that the state's high level of financial support and attitude to science and teaching is reflected in its contribution to foreign trade and investment. Key words: political independence, national economy, competitiveness, human capital, the share of GDP in science, investment, foreign trade.