Аннотация
Background: Sphenoid sinus (SS) is separated by a septum with various position, therefore sizes of two sinus cavities are variable [2].In addition, sphenoid sinus differs in pneumatization type, ranging from its absence to extensive forms.Knowledge of the linear size and shape of the skull, the structure of the sphenoid sinus and its interconnection with nearby structures will help to avoid complications when performing surgical endoscopic interventions in the chiasmal-sellar region.Currently, the transsphenoid approach is the most optimal in neurosurgery for intracellar and cranial pathologies treatment.Due to proximity and anatomical interconnection of sphenoid sinus with other anatomical structures, such as anterior knees of intracavernous segments of internal carotid artery (ICA), optic nerve (ON), there is a high risk of complications during surgery [1,2,3,4].Purpose: Features of skull craniometric parameters, the type sphenoid sinus pneumatization, and its practical value in various ON and ICA positions. Methods:The retrospective research, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of head, included 1111 people, with 410 males and 701 females out of them but the scope of the article is limited to 93 of them, including 34 males (37%) and 59 females (63%) aged from 20 to 71 years.The research design complies with the Helsinki Declaration's provisions and was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov №50 from January 17, 2020.The average age of males was 41.6 (20 -71 years), and for females was 41.7 (20 -66 years).Inclusion criteria were as the following: 1) age range from 20 to 71 years, 2) patients living in Aktobe region, 3) patients sent for examination with pituitary (hypophysis) pathology, 5) patients referred with CSR vascular pathology, 6) patients referred for verification of CSR pathology diagnosis.Exclusion criteria were as the following: 1) patients with skull bones fractures, 2) patients after skull trepanation, 3) patients having orthodontic and orthognathic research at examination time, 4) patients with congenital skull malformations, having gross skull deformation, 5) patients with brain tumors and hemorrhages with obvious CSR compression at examination time, 6) pregnancy, lactation, long-term use of hormonal drugs by persons of both gender.With the RadiAnt Dicom Viewer 5.5.1 program measured craniological indices: crosslongitudinal skull index, degree of pneumatization of the sphenoidal sinus; protrusion and/or gaping of internal carotid artery canal and optic nerve.Allstatistical analyses were performed using Statistica 8.0. Results:The data we obtained show that the vast majority of older males (60-80 years old) had mesocrane skull shape, in contrast to females, among whom the frequency of brachycrane skull shape prevails.Among 20-40 years aged males, the highest percentage falls on mesocrane skull form, while