Аннотация
Over the last decades, a great number of researches has been published, which confirmed the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders. The considerations have been given to the basic mechanisms of the beneficial effect on the human body, that render various microorganisms, colonizing the upper part of the digestive tract. The data of experimental studies presented, confirming the ability of various bacteria to attach themselves to the epithelium of the distal esophagus and to colonize it, despite the previous hypothesis of esophageal sterility. The data confirming the fact of stomach colonization by different microorganisms, other than Helicobacter pylori, have been considered. The analysis has been made for the consequences of proton pump inhibitors’ administration, including their effects on gastroesophageal microbiota. The medicinal methods to affect stomach microflora have been elucidated, the emphasis was made on the use of rifaximin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. The evidence has been given, confirming the presence of eubiotic activity, the ability to inhibit bacterial virulence, reduce the activity of inflammatory response of rifaximin in addition to the traditional bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties inherent in many antibiotics. The results of clinical and experimental studies have been presented, supporting rifaximin’s pleiotropic property to modulate intestinal microbiome. The detailed analysis was provided to the results of randomized controlled trial of the rifaximin efficacy in the treatment of functional dyspepsia; the advantages of rifaximin over placebo in the dyspeptic syndrome relief have been emphasized. The feasibility of including rifaximin (a non‑absorbable antibiotic with eubiotic properties) in the treatment regimens of functional diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract has been proved.