Аннотация
Background The study of the etiopathogenetic factors of cerebral palsy (CP) in various aspects continues in connection with the great social significance of this problem. The aim of the research was to study the main risk factors involved in the formation of cerebral palsy, taking into account clinical forms. Methods The study was conducted at the National Center for Children's Rehabilitation in Astana. A retrospective analysis of the medical documentation of 104 children with a confirmed diagnosis of CP was carried out. The control group consisted of healthy children (n = 25). Depending on the clinical form of CP, 5 subgroups were identified in the main group. For statistical analysis, was used IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. Results In the basic group in the structure prenatal factors dominated: maternal infectious diseases, anemia, the threat of abortion, preeclampsia. Infectious diseases of the mother significantly prevailed in quadriplegia (87.5%, p < 0.05), maternal anemia with atonic form (61.5%, p < 0.05). The threat of abortion prevailed in quadriplegia (62.5%, p < 0.05), preeclampsia in spastic diplegia (26.5%, p < 0.05). Among the intranatal pathological factors dominated the surgical delivery, weakness of labor, and a long anhydrous period dominate. Complications in childbirth were more frequent in mothers who gave birth to children with quadriplegia (87.5%, p < 0.01), then - with hyperkinetic (78%), with the remaining forms the difference is insignificant. Also significant factors in the main group were prematurity and low birth weight. Children with spastic diplegia and atonic form were more often born at the gestational age of 28-31 weeks (18.4% and 23.7%). Low birth weight significantly prevailed in quadriplegia (37.5%), very low body weight with spastic diplegia (18.4%). Conclusions In most cases there was a combination of several harmful factors. The results of the study dictate the need for careful monitoring of the health of women of fertile age. Key messages: The main direction of prophylaxis of the CP is to improve the prophylactic medical examination of pregnant women. It is necessary to ensure an early start of rehabilitation activities for children at risk.