Аннотация
Stimuli-responsive polymers have achieved increasing attention of researches due to the ability to change the properties as a function of temperature, pH, ionic strength, humidity, light, and electrical and magnetic fields. Stimuli-responsive polymers in whole and thermoresponsive polymers in particular are unique materials for application in catalysis and organic synthesis. The thermoresponsive molecules can be combined with metal nanoparticles, metal complexes, molecularly imprinting polymers, and enzymes. The activity of enzymes is very sensitive to temperature, and immobilization of them into the thermosensitive gel matrix allows reversibly controlling their activities by gentle changing of the temperature. Thermosensitive hydrogels in catalysis can be classified into three categories such as negative-temperature, positive-temperature, and thermoreversible hydrogel networks. Promising polymeric matrices for immobilization of catalytically active compounds are micro-/nanodimensional hydrogel spheres, capsules, and micelles. Self-assemblies possessing the thermosensitivity are also interesting class of polymers for catalysis.