Аннотация
The role of certain hydrogen absorption complexes in the dehydrogenation and hydrocracking of hydrocarbons on low-percentage one-component, (Pt, Pd/Al2O3) and bimetallic (Pd-Co, Pd-Ce, Pt-Co, Pt-Sn/Al2O3) catalysts is discussed. It is shown that the combination of metals in reduced forms and forms oxidised to different extents on the catalyst surfaces is responsible for their high capacity for the chemisorption of hydrogen, the wide range of its energetic inhomogeneity, and the high activity of the catalysts in the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons. Catalysts containing on the surface mainly sites for the type Hδ- chemisorption are the most active in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, whereas specimens chemisorbing hydrogen mainly in the Hδ+ form are the most active in the hydrockracking of hydrocarbons. It is concluded that the strongly bound atomic hydrogen Hδ+ plays a dual role, since it not only participates directly in the dehydrogenation reaction but also promotes the reduction of the electron-deficient surface centres, which optimises the number of centres for the activation of C-H bonds. The bibliography includes 75 references.