Аннотация
Abstract Currently, the ergatic software and hardware complex, called the “flight simulator”, is used worldwide for professional training of crew members in piloting an aircraft in special flight conditions. Flight and integrated flight simulators include a visual environment simulator that synthesizes for a pilot a three-dimensional image of the external environment behind the simulator’s cabin, which allows pilots to be trained in visual landing on a runway model, while solving aeronautical problems. Simulators of the visual environment developed earlier could not synthesize recognizable areas of the area more than 400 × 400 km in size necessary for training in solving problems of self-driving. Therefore, simulators for the training of navigators were separately developed, teaching the determination of the location of the model of an aircraft in the model of the environment according to the models of radio engineering means of aircraft. Modern optical-technical-software systems for the synthesis of three-dimensional models of the external environment allow us to develop new and modernize existing flight and complex flight simulators by adding training to the crew of the aircraft in solving problems of aircraft navigation. The analysis carried out by the authors of this article showed that for this it is necessary to solve the problem of selecting objects that should become benchmarks and their placement according to the model of a large area. Solutions are proposed that allow us to solve the tasks and develop a model of a recognizable piece of the earth’s surface that is sufficient to solve the problems of piloting and self-driving training on an aircraft simulator.