Аннотация
Abstract In order to study the spatial distribution of biological and ecological patterns on the territory of the Volga region and Western Kazakhstan, geobotanical indication of flooding and salinization of the lands these regions was carried out. Geobotanical indication is used in the study, assessment, mapping and monitoring of territorial complexes and their components and is based on the analysis of the relationships of the geographical envelope as a whole. The article is the result of many years of interdisciplinary research. It is based both on the data obtained by the authors as a result of agro-landscape and ecological zoning and in the course of field expedition research, and on the analysis of long-term series of statistical information and literature sources. Intensive economic activity that requires the use of large amounts water resources, against the background of modern climate changes, leads to waterlogging in large areas. The weakening or termination of economic activity, the decrease in the volume of water resources used under certain conditions leads to the spread of land salinization. Flooding and sal-inization of arid lands near reservoirs, channels, reclamation facilities, functioning and abandoned irrigation fields, etc. occupy significant areas and are of great importance as environmental problems in the Volga region and Western Kazakhstan. The most dynamic and fast-responding biotic component of ecosystems to the occurrence of flooding and salinization is vegetation.