Аннотация
Sponges, among the oldest animals on Earth, are well-known for their ability to produce a wide array of bioactive compounds with diverse biomedical applications. The Persian Gulf, characterized by its extreme temperatures and high salinity, is home to a rich diversity of sponge species that have been found to produce numerous secondary metabolites. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the sponge species identified in the Persian Gulf and their bioactive compounds. Given the unique environmental conditions of the Persian Gulf, including its high salinity and temperature, which influence the production of bioactive compounds, this review focuses on cataloging the sponge species found in this region and their recognized bioactive compounds. A thorough search was conducted using Google Scholar to gather data on the pharmacological properties of these compounds. The findings reveal that bioactive compounds derived from The Persian Gulf sponges possess significant therapeutic and pharmaceutical potential, including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, some sponge species have been identified as biomarkers and purgatives. This review highlights the critical role of environmental factors such as salinity and temperature in influencing the production and efficacy of these bioactive compounds. The biomedical potential of these compounds and their prospects for contributing to new drug discoveries are also discussed, emphasizing the significance of The Persian Gulf sponges as a source of novel biological products.