Аннотация
One of humanity`s important problems is the lack of water in arid regions. One of the ways to solve the water shortage problem is the use of seed pelleting technology. The polymer film coating contributes to the effective maintenance of their quality during storage, including humidity regulation. The creation of effective coatings based on biodegradable natural polymers will help preserve natural resources and prevent environmental pollution. The purpose of this work is the radiation synthesis and characterization of hydrogels based on natural and synthetic polymers and the search for optimal conditions for coating the seeds with the resulting polymers. The methodology of the work includes the radiation synthesis of hydrogels, physicochemical characterization by gravimetry, germination, and germination energy study of coated seeds. Results and discussion. Hydrogels based on chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, and agar-agar were obtained using the radiation. The optimal parameters are 25 kGy irradiation dose and 5wt.% starch concentration. The presence of agar-agar in the hydrogel composition and the increase of irradiation dose from 15 to 45 kGy boost the gel fraction yield. The work investigated the water-holding capacity of pelleted seeds and the process of water desorption from the polymer shell. It has been established that the polymer shell around the seed can retain water in the early stages of its development. Seeds coated in two layers retain moisture 7 times longer compared to uncoated samples. Conclusion. These results can be used to manage seed performance potential and subsequent yield, including improving seed quality and nutrient delivery.