Аннотация
The colorectal cancer is considered as the third most common malignant disease in the world. During last decade, the problem of colorectal cancer became especially urgent conditioned not only by increasing of number of metastatic tumors of colon and rectum, but also by implementation of high-tech methods of treatment that significantly improved the results of five-year survival period. Along with success of therapy, understanding of genomics of colorectal cancer and owing to extensive application of next generation sequencing, the opportunity of optimal choice of treatment options was offered. METHODS: The sampling included tumor material of 332 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, fixed in formalin and enclosed in paraffin, and treated in oncology dispensaries and centers and in the Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology in 2010-2014. After morphological evaluation of the material quality, the molecular genetic analysis was applied to establish mutation of the KRAS gene using polymerase chain reaction in real-time. RESULTS: The study established that KRAS mutation rate in patients with colorectal cancer had no reliable dependency with the region of their residence, since statistical analysis of pair "region of residence - all KRAS mutations" had value of correlation coefficient rp = 0.1 (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: colorectal cancer It was established that there is no reliable dependence of rate of KRAS gene mutation in patients with colorectal cancer in the region of their residence. The high rate of occurrence of mutated type of gene was detected in 3 regions (Kyzyl-Orda, North Kazakhstan and Almaty) within the range of 58.3-76.5% of cases. The wild type of KRAS gene was most frequently detected in patients from the Karaganda region (65.5%), South Kazakhstan (71.4%) and Almaty (60.7%).